Biomaterials Research Surface morphology study of dextran by scanning electron microscopy showed the porous web like structure. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 27, 795-810. Chem. 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. Viswanath, D.S. ; Ghosh, T.K. The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC Synthesis of dextran by dextransucrase treated, sucrose-supplemented skimmed milk revealed the promising potential of dextran as a food additive. Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. Chapter 2.1.4 Suspended level viscometers for transparent liquid, Ubbelohde Viscometer page 28-31. Pharm Res. Equivalent Radii and Ratios of Radii from Solution Properties as Indicators of Macromolecular Conformation, Shape, and Flexibility. Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Increased TEWL values are evidence of micropores formation. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. 2016;9706:97061E6. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. California Privacy Statement, Journal of Physical Chemistry. The permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FITC-dextrans) with different molecular weights through the pig and human cadaver skins were measured using Franz diffusion cell. (1999). Int J Food Sci Nutr. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. The numerical value of a indicates that dextrans acquire the shape of a rigid sphere in aqueous solution; and kM-H demonstrates that under water the value decreases with temperature [71, 72]. Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. Google Scholar. Eng. Dextran. Biomater Res 24, 22 (2020). In contrast to linear chains, power law behavior is observed only asymptotically at large Mv. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte; France; Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte Dextran Utilization During Its Synthesis by Weissella cibaria RBA12 Can Be Overcome by Fed-Batch Fermentation in a Bioreactor. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. Based on these results a difference of approximately 1015% between the amounts of drugs permeated through the human skin and pig skin models should be considered during human clinical trials. (2013). Fractional thermolysis by bipolar radiofrequency facilitates cutaneous delivery of peptide and siRNA with minor loss of barrier function. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. Beer, M.U. These structural differences can significantly affect FITC-dextran delivery due to even after microporation [30]. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. The great deviation at 2000kDa occurs due to the large hyperbranched structure of the macromolecule, generating a change in its conformation and, therefore, a change in the way it flows [73]. European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092. (2007). ; Garca de , J. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. Pharm Res. Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, Bohdanecky, Miloslav (1996). The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. AATEX. Analytes and stationary phase with Universal Calibration Relative Measurement Concentration and MW detector: RI + Viscometer Relationship between hydrodynamic volume (MW*intrinsic viscosity) and elution volume Multiple detection Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH. 8. The author thanks Universidad Nacional de San Luis (Project 2-81/11), FONCyT (PICT 2004-N23-2548 and PICT 2008-N21-84), and CONICET (PIP 6324 Res. Carbohydrate Polymers 87, 405-410. Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. Correspondence to Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). 4K, b M.W. Masuelli, M. A. In general, Mv is not experimentally accessible, whereas other average molecular weights are accessible. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. In Vitro Evaluation of Postbiotics Produced from Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Nile Tilapia against the Pathogens, Dextran-Mimetic Quantum Dots for Multimodal Macrophage Imaging, Isolation of lactic acid bacteria starters from, Characterization of Antibacterial Cell-Free Supernatant from Oral Care Probiotic. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. government site. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Im Tiefkhlgert (-5 bis -30C) lagern und vor Licht schtzen. The characteristic Rg/Rh value for a globular protein is ~0.775, which means that Rg is smaller than Rh. (1954). The measurements of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were taken using the Tewameter (Courage-Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) to evaluate the skin barrier function after microporation. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. Named after George Gabriel Stokes, it is closely related to solute mobility, factoring in not only size but also solvent effects.A smaller ion with stronger hydration, for example, may have a greater Stokes radius than a larger ion with Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). Epub 2017 Jun 1. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. Sci. The skin was treated with the RF-based microporation device, inducing micropore ablation through alternating electrical current. (2007). Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. The microporation device based on radiofrequency can be used to enhance delivery efficiency by removing the epidermis layer. Saudi Pharm J. The basic setup of a DLS instrument is shown in Figure 1. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. Dextran; Weissella cibaria; exopolysaccharide; prebiotic; skimmed milk. Part of ; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. The human and pig skin samples were placed in the receiver chamber of the Transdermal diffusion cell system with the SC facing up and the donor chamber was fixed in place. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Ann Surg Oncol. European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 38-70. Figure4 shows the histological analysis of micropores in human cadaver skin. FOIA MeSH terms Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. At 20C data "a" value obtained in this work is intermediate to those given by references [1, 37] while the value of kM-H is lower. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. WebDextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. At the same temperature, the hydrodynamic radius and the intrinsic viscosity are higher for different molecular weights, while these properties decrease with an increase of temperature at the same molecular weight (Figure 1). Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). 2008;26(11):12618. WebAccording to the above theoretical analysis for the micro-roughness contact model, the relationship between the hydrodynamic pressure (HP) and the contact pressure (CP) is shown in Fig. Catiker, E.; Guner, A. Analytical Chemistry. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. 2012;87(6):1728. Dextran Fractions. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2003). ; Bataille, B. Calculation of MarkHouwinkSakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solventtemperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. With FITC-dextran 20K, cumulative permeation in the human skin was 2.530.48M, and 3.340.19M in the pig skin, which significantly lower than FITC-dextran 4K. Cumulative amount of FITC-dextran permeated after microporation on the human and pig skin for FITC-dextran M.W.. a M.W. WebHydrodyamic Radius, R H: In addition to the analytic size of a linear (C=1) chain, the end to end distance, R eted or R 0, and the structural size, the radius or gyration, R g, dynamic measurements yield a size called the hydrodynamic radius, R H. Consider a rod particle of length L=10R where R is the radius. Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. The range of temperatures used was 25-50 (0.1) C and it was regulated by thermostatic bath Haake C. The viscosity measurements required Hagenbach-Couette correction time (tg 37.31s). Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). The optical image and histological analysis confirmed that the micropores on the skin were recovered over time. WebTo address this perception, in the current study, FITC-dextran of different MWs (10, 70 and 150 kDa) was used to model the transdermal delivery of low MW biotherapeutics and mAbs with MWs of approximately 150 kDa. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Google Scholar. Table1 shows TEWL values measured immediately after the microporation of human and pig skins. (1969). Sachdeva V, Banga AK. These studies were again focused on investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer molecules, their hydrodynamic radius in relation to their radius of gyration and the coherence of the simulation results with polymer theory. However, in vitro investigations are very few. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. CAS Kloster, C.; Bica C.; Rochas C.; Samios, D.; Geissler, E. (2000). If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. Many works are aimed at determining molecular weights [1, 7, 26], hydrodynamic radius, among other parameters for characterizing the physics and chemistry properties of dextran in solution. Learn More. For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. Herwadkar A, Banga AK. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. An official website of the United States government. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free WebAmines per 70KDa dextran Theeffectofchargerepulsiononthe hydrodynamicradiuscanbeseenwithRh increaseswithchargedensity.Charge repulsioncausesthehydrodynamicradius toincrease.Withincreasingcharge,the dextranprogressivelyunfolded.Evena lowlevelofaminationcausesthepolymer tounfold. ; Rani, K.Y. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. 2018;1:10915. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. Drug Discov Today Technol. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. (2008). The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. Dextran consists of -D glucose units with a majority of (16) glucosidic linkages between them. (1937). Cytotoxicity studies on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line showed non-toxic and biocompatible nature of dextran. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol (2008). WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. (2000). Figure1 shows a schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207. Dulbeccos Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). The same way, many of these authors emphasize the non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran molecular weight range from 9 to 2000kDa [3,5,8,16, 37,38]. Comparison of single-point and dilution procedures. Dilute Solution. A simple way of universalizing the measurements is shown in figure 4 where there is a curve at each temperature for every molecular weight. To improve drug permeability, micropore ablation using RF is performed by passing an alternating electrical current through the skin at a frequency higher than 100kHz. The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. Epub 2012 Oct 18. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. Webdextran fraction and the final product depend on changes in the hydrodynamic volume of the molecules after substitution. Global hydrodynamic analysis of the molecular flexibility of galactomannans. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment. The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. Proc. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. Molecular weight (Mv) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. 2012;3(1):208. WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). a-d Haematoxylin/eosin-stained histological sections of human cadaver skin sample and e quantified data using ImageJ for different time periods after microporation. ; Yevlampieva N.P. The effectiveness of the RF microporation technique in transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic agents such as peptides, hormones, and vaccines has been demonstrated extensively in previous studies [16,17,18]. In addition, we evaluated the regeneration of SC after microporation. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography.
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