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Ninevehs destruction, which came in 612, is referred to as a future event, indicating that Zephaniahs work preceded this date. All men would recognize that Israel stood in a special relationship to the God of heaven (Deuteronomy 7:6-14; 28:10; Jeremiah 16:20, 21). The following simple rules are suggested as a safe approach to the study of each prophetic passage of the Old Testament: 1. New King James Version Jeremiah 32:17 highlights this point by stating, "O Sovereign Lord! The sixteen prophetsIsaiah to Malachiwhose writings have come down to us lived during four centuries, from about 800 to 400 B.C. One needs to keep these in mind to better understand the heart of Isaiah's message. No chronological data are given, but the prophet speaks of the fall of No (chapter 3:8) as an event of the past. Nahum is called the Elkoshite (chapter 1:1), but Elkosh is unknown as a place name, although commentators have tried to identify it with Elkesi in northern Galilee, Alkush near Mosul, and a town near Eleutheropolis in Judah. Many messages and prophecies can be understood correctly only if seen against the background of the time in which the prophets ministered and in the light of the events that happened during their lives. In this case, he was an octogenarian. Nick Baumgardner, a senior writer from the same publication, predicts Notre Dames all-time sack leader will fall to the early third round in his latest mock draft.. Daniel Jeremiah, a draft analyst for the NFL Network, concurs. Inasmuch as it is possible to date the kings of Judah and Israel, especially the later ones, with comparatively high accuracy, the various reigns during which these sixteen prophets ministered have been entered in this chart according to the tentative chronology used in this commentary. All the visions of Daniel recorded in chapters 7-12 were received during the last years of his life, the first one (chapter 7) in Belshazzars 1st year (552 or possibly later), and the last one (chapters 10-12) in the 3rd year of Cyrus, 536/35 B.C. The gates of Jerusalem would be open continually to receive the wealth contributed to Israel for the conversion of still other nations and peoples (Isaiah 60:1-11, RSV; Psalms 72:10; Isaiah 45:14; Haggai 2:7, RSV). The book makes no reference to the fall of Samaria, which took place in 723/22 B.C., and it can therefore be concluded that the prophets last message was given prior to Samarias destruction. The formal rejection of Jesus by the Jews, as a nation, marked the close of their last opportunity as the special agents of God for the salvation of the world. He will listen to the prophet speaking to Israel of old and endeavor to understand what his words meant to the people who originally heard them. Rabbinic tradition has it that Isaiah's father, Amoz (not the same as Amos the prophet), was a brother of King Amaziah. Foskey, however, is far from a lock to be selected with one of the 31 first-round selections. Even to the time of the fall of Jerusalem, Jeremiahs message remained the same: submit to the yoke of Babylonia. Yet many of the promises, particularly those concerning the giving of the gospel to the nations and the establishment of the Messianic kingdom, could not be fulfilled to them because of their unfaithfulness, but would be fulfilled to the church on earth preparatory to Christs return, particularly to Gods remnant people, and in the new earth. Mark 7:9). In one way or another each of these attempts at interpreting the messages of the Old Testament prophets neglects significant teachings of Scripture, evades fundamental principles of exegesis, and provides a distorted picture of the predictive sections of prophecy. 4. A comparison between some of his prophecies and those of Amos indicates that Hosea was a younger contemporary of Amos (cf. The following brief summaries contain the evidence on which the various prophets have been entered in the chronological positions in which they are found in the chart. Without this, the people of Israel would not qualify to receive the material blessings God designed to bestow upon them. So early a date for Jonah1s ministryabout 790 B.C.fits well into Assyrian history. He dies while in Egypt. Daniel himself so understood these promises (Daniel 9:1-8). Discover what the message meant to the people of that time. Earlier commentators attempted to equate the two men, because of the use of similar expressions in their utterances (Micah 1:2; cf. Haggais courageous ministry was responsible for the resumption of the rebuilding of the Temple in the time of Darius I, after the work had ceased for some time (Ezra 4:24; 5:1). WebIt is the same message as Jeremiah's. 5. Furthermore, the fact that the people of Tyre and Sidon do not appear as hostile nations of Judah until the last decades of its history, while they are mentioned by Joel as Judahs enemies, seems also to point to a late date for the prophets ministry. It is possible that Hebrews 11:37 refers to this event. Unparalleled prosperity, both temporal and spiritual, was promised them as the reward for putting into practice the righteous and wise principles of heaven (Deuteronomy 4:6-9; 7:12-15; 28:1-14). And he did so, walking naked and barefoot. According to His beneficent purpose, the covenant promises were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. Isaiahs whole ministry from Uzziah to Manasseh must therefore have lasted more than half a century. Isaiah was a prophet for the kingdom of Judah, ca. Jodi T. Religion. Most of them left chronological data by which the duration of their ministry can be determined, at least approximately. Isaiah was a Jewish prophet who lived during the eighth century BC. Nehemiah 13:10-12; Malachi 2:11-16; cf. But it was not until his 3rd year in captivity, the 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar, that young Daniel gave the first proofs of his prophetic calling (chapters 1:5, 17; 2:1, 19). The chart allows both ideas, indicating his possible ministry during the two decades preceding 560 B.C. Many years later, in writing to the strangers, or Gentiles (1 Peter 1:1: see on Exodus 12:19, 43), as the elect of God (1 Peter 1:2), Peter refers to them as the chosen ones of God, a holy nation, a peculiar people (chapter 2:9), formerly not a people, but now the people of God (verse 10). During the reign of Zedekiah, Judahs last king, Jeremiah was thrown into prison, being considered a traitor to his country (chapter 37:11-16) because he advised his people to surrender to the Babylonians. When they brought forth wild grapes instead of the mature fruit of character, He inquired, What could have been done more to my vineyard, that I have not done in it? (Isaiah 5:1-7). A date, possibly about 630 B.C., but before the Chaldeans had become a power of some importance, would seem most appropriate for the period of Habakkuks prophetic activity. Nothing is impossible with God. The modernist school of interpretation denies the predictive element in prophecy altogether, arguing either that the predictions were written down after the events thus foretold took place or that such predictions reflected nothing more than the prophets hopes for the future, or those of his people. The importance of their books cannot be overestimated, as many of these prophecies are yet to be fulfilled. They forgot that God abhors a multiplication of the forms of religion (Isaiah 1:11-18; Hosea 6:6; Micah 6:7; Malachi 2:13), and asks of man nothing but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with his God (Micah 6:8; cf. Prophecies of the former classification cannot now be fulfilled because they were strictly conditional in nature and limited in scope, by their very nature, to literal Israel. 4. 2. He says specifically that by Jew he does not mean a literal Jew but one converted at heart, whether he be Jew or Gentile (chapter 2:28, 29). Examine the prophecy in its entirety. Nick Baumgardner, a senior writer from the same publication, predicts Notre Dames all-time sack leader will fall to the early third round in his latest mock draft.. Daniel Jeremiah, a draft analyst for the NFL Network, concurs. In a mysterious way known only to God the prophets words were sometimes intended to meet their fulfillment in the then far-distant future. This leaves Ezekiel with a ministry of at least 22 years, from 593/92 to 571/70. WebIn Isaiah, we read about God's unbroken relationship with His people both the promise and its fulfillment in an ongoing pattern that's visible throughout history. During the siege, reprobate Israelites would be slain by their foes (Zechariah 13:8; 14:2). But Judah failed to learn the lesson, and a little more than a century later her apostasy, also, was complete (see Jeremiah 22:6, 8, 9; Ezekiel 16:37; 7:2-15; 12:3-28; 36:18-23). See Exodus 31:2-6; 35:33, 35. The fundamental principle by which we can tell unerringly when any particular promise or prediction of the Old Testament made originally to literal Israel is to meet its fulfillment with respect to spiritual Israel iswhen a later inspired writer makes such an application of it. At times they had an import, not only for the age in which the prophet lived, but also for a day far future; in other words, they had a dual application. They would have no part in all that Christ stood for (see on Matthew 3:2, 3; Mark 3:14). But they are to be saved as Christians and not as Jews. Many others, including Lehi and Jeremiah, lived at the same time. The voice of God through the prophets distinctly speaks to us today. The accompanying chart enables the reader to study these prophets in their historical setting. He has a controversy with them because they have rebelled against His authority (Jeremiah 25:31-33), and He will judge (Joel 3:9-17) and destroy them there (Isaiah 34:1-8; 63:1-6; 66:15-18). All three of these guys have overwhelming experience where they are called to be prophets. They were to become a nation of intellectual geniuses, and feebleness of mind would eventually have been unknown among them. One of the main objectives of the Bible commentator is to reconstruct the historical setting in which the declarations of the prophets were originally made. 2. Since only these two kings are mentioned, Amos seems to have prophesied during the time when both kings were sole rulers in their respective kingdoms. But with regards to how Jeremiah died, the Scriptures leave no record. However, the chronological data given by Micah are against such an identification and show that a century or more lies between the two men. Thus it was with Moses, of whom, to the very day of his death, it could be said that his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated (Deuteronomy 34:7). Note by whom it was spoken, to whom it was addressed, and the circumstances that called it forth. chapter 11:18). Accordingly, the covenant promises and privileges were all permanently transferred from literal to spiritual Israel (Romans 9:4; cf. They interpreted prophecy in accordance with their selfish desires, because their ambitious hopes were fixed on worldly greatness. Shortly after this event he once more rose to a high position of honor and responsibility in the newly formed Persian Empire (chapter 6). This Upper Egyptian capital city, better known by its Greek name Thebes, was destroyed by King Ashurbanipal in 663 B.C., a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahums prophecy. Nothing is impossible with God. Cooperation with the natural laws of body and mind would result in ever-increasing mental strength, and the people of Israel would be blessed with vigor of intellect, keen discrimination, and sound judgment. Emphasize to the children that the people at the time did not believe Isaiah. The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. 3. Nehemiahs first term lasted from 444 to 432 B.C. The prophets did not always clearly understand messages they themselves had borne pointing forward to the distant future, to the coming of the Messiah (1 Peter 1:10, 11). The Hebrew people were to acquire wisdom and skill in all cunning work, that is, a high degree of inventive genius and ability as artisans, for the manufacture of all kinds of utensils and mechanical devices. ), through the reigns of Jotham and Ahaz, to the end of King Hezekiah's rule in 686 (Isa. He went to Bethel, a sanctuary city of the northern kingdom, to deliver prophecies of warning, reproof, and doom to Israel. For these reasons Daniels extended prophetic ministry can be dated approximately from 603 to 535 B.C. But to go beyond that which is clearly set forth by Inspirationin the immediate context of the passage concerned, in the New Testament, or in the Spirit of prophecyis to substitute personal opinion for a plain Thus saith the Lord. Where Inspiration has not thus clearly spoken it is our privilege to compare scripture with scripture in an endeavor to understand more perfectly the mind of the Spirit. While it is thus known that he began his work in 520 and continued until 518 B.C., the end of his prophetic ministry must be left open. However, that earthquake must have been very severe, for the memory of it was still fresh in the minds of people who lived 250 years later, as Zechariah 14:5 shows. It is possible that he was a Temple singer, since his third chapter is dedicated to the chief singer on my stringed instruments (chapter 3:19). WebIsaiah's time, Babylonian exile, and return to exile 21 Q Where did Jeremiah live when he was called to be a prophet? The blessings thus assured to Israel are, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens. They were to be far in advance of other nations in wisdom and understanding. Without this, the many advantages would only result in harm to themselves and to others. The 9th-century view.The great empires of Assyria and Babylonia do not appear within the horizon of the prophet. National greatness. This situation fits best the time prior to the rise of the Chaldean Empire under Nabopolassar, who began to reign in 626/25 B.C., and who, with the Medes, was responsible for the destruction of Assyria. Nehemiah 13:23-27). Had Israel as a nation preserved her allegiance to Heaven, Jerusalem would have stood forever, the elect of God (Jeremiah 7:7; 17:25). This leads us to conclude that Malachis work may have followed Nehemiahs first term as governor, but preceded his return to Jerusalem from the Persian capital. Had Jerusalem known what it was her privilege to know, and heeded the light that Heaven sent her, she would have stood forth in magnificent prosperity, the queen of kingdoms, the mighty metropolis of the earth, and would, like a noble vine, have filled the face of the world with fruit (Isaiah 27:6). Again and again God warned Israel that blessing goes hand in hand with obedience and that a curse accompanies disobedience (see Deuteronomy 4:9; 8:19; 28:1, 2, 13, 14; Jeremiah 18:6-10; 26:2-6; Zechariah 6:15; etc.). There is no surer protection against the speculative vagaries of religious visionaries than a clear knowledge of the historical context of Scripture. Isaiah lived about 700 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. This division, though tragic, served to insulate, for a time, the southern kingdom, Judah, from the tide of idolatry that soon engulfed the northern kingdom, Israel (see Hosea 4:17). WebThe great prophet Jeremiah lived during one of the most critical periods in Jewish history. Peter concurs, saying, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons, for in every nation he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him (Acts 10:34, 35; cf. 34:23) 622 Jeremiah 11 and 12 are given. Accordingly, Abraham became in a special sense the Friend of God (James 2:23) and the father of all them that believe (Romans 4:11). When Messiah came, His own people, the Jews, received him not (John 1:11). Eventually, all the nations would call Jerusalem the throne of the Lord and be gathered unto it, not to walk any more after the imagination of their evil heart (Jeremiah 3:17). The work of no other prophet can be dated so definitely as that of Haggai. For these reasons the 7th-century date for Joel has been adopted in this commentary, although there is no conclusive proof that this choice is correct. This fact weakens the arguments for such a late date. Though the prophet looked at events about him, he also could see far beyond his own day. At the time of the Babylonian captivity God had specifically announced that that experience was not to mark a full end of Israel as Gods people (Jeremiah 4:27; 5:18; 46:28). As the nations of antiquity should behold Israels unprecedented progress, their attention and interest would be aroused. 9:129) This verse first Nations that had known nothing of the true God would run to Jerusalem because of the manifest evidence of divine blessing that attended Israel (chapter 55:5). 1-39 40-55 56-66. Webdid isaiah and jeremiah live at the same time grantchester sidney and violet Posted by on May 21st, 2021 The Book Of Isaiah - The Man, The Times, And The Book Isaiah was God 's prophet and the author of the Bible book that bears his name. He purposed to make them an honor to His name and a blessing to the nations about them. In their meticulous attention to the letter of the law they lost sight of its spirit. You may not distribute or commercially use the content on any other website or other form of electronic retrieval system. When the siege of Jerusalem was temporarily lifted at the approach of an Egyptian force, Jeremiah started to leave Jerusalem to go to the land of the tribe of Benjamin. Through Israel of old, God planned to provide the nations of earth with a living revelation of His own holy character and an exhibit of the glorious heights to which man can attain by cooperating with His infinite purposes. They blindly overlooked those scriptures that point to the humiliation of Christs first advent, and misapplied those that speak of the glory of His second coming. Copyright 2008 - http://www.BibleChronologyTimeline.com. No more shall every man teach his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know the L ORD , for they all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the L ORD. In Jeremiah, we see evidence of God elevating humble men like Jeremiah to become leaders precisely when they are needed. However, 2 Kings 14:25 states that Jonah also pronounced a prophecy concerning the expansion of Israel that was fulfilled by Jeroboam II. Gods promises are made conditional upon mans cooperation and obedience. WebThese chapters in Ezekiel are similar to those in Isaiah and Jeremiah where prophetic burdens are pronounced on certain foreign nations (see Isaiah 1323; Jeremiah 4651). Under Nebuchadnezzars successors Daniels service seems not to have been desired. Technical know-how would render products made in Israel superior to all others. The vision concerning Judah and Jerusalem that Isaiah son of Amoz saw during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings Answer Isaiah's opening statement in the Book of Isaiah, that he lived during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, means that he actually lived in the eighth century BCE. Who became king of Babylon about the same time that Jeremiah was called by God. It ignores the plain statements of the Old Testament that Gods promises to Israel were all conditional. By Which king? Psalms 68:31. WebThere are four major prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel. Hence, the year 603 can be considered as the beginning of Daniels ministry as a prophet. 1. For these reasons his ministry can be dated from about 755 (or earlier) to about 725 B.C. The Christian church is a spiritual nation scattered all over the world, and such details obviously could not apply to it in a literal sense. Tools. Yet, since Gods purposes are immutable (Psalms 33:11; Prov. ), have never been and can never be fulfilled to them as a nation. Those who think that chapter 52 was added as an inspired postscript by Jeremiahs secretary or one of his disciples, believe that he died some 20 years earlier, about 580 B.C. To their own question, What nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them? the Gentiles would answer, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people (Deuteronomy 4:7, 6). Any interpretation that fails to give these matters due consideration does violence to the Scriptures. Hence no reference to these two kingdoms was made by the prophet. 2. Living in a crisis period of his nation, Jeremiah was called to proclaim many messages of reproof and solemn predictions of doom over his people for their disobedience. seem to refer to those recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, while nothing points to the troubles caused by Hazael, as narrated in 2 Kings 12:17, 18 and 2 Chronicles 24:23, 24, it has been concluded that Joel gave his messages during the time lying between these two events. We should never forget that whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for the learning of future generations to the end of time, to inspire patience, comfort, and hope (Romans 15:4). They were to show forth His praise (chapter 43:21), to declare His glory among the heathen (chapter 66:19), to be a light to the Gentiles (chapters 49:6; 42:6, 7). The present-day return of the Jews to Palestine and the establishment of the modern state of Israel do not imply reinstatement as Gods people, present or future. WebIsaiah's time, Babylonian exile, and return to exile 21 Q Where did Jeremiah live when he was called to be a prophet? Micah, Hosea, and Jeremiah. Jeremiahs prayer occurs in a context and we would be remiss to consider the prayer apart from that context, which is, Jeremiahs obedience to some very difficult commands from God. Jeremiah 22:26 I will hurl you and the mother who gave you birth into another land, where neither of you were born--and there you both will die. Furthermore, it should be remembered that the Messiah, after the flesh, was a Jew, that the charter members of the Christian church were all Jews, and that Christianity grew out of Judaism. Following this line of interpretation, some have gone to the extreme of proposing a Christian migration to Palestine. Acts 1:6), to appear as a liberator and conqueror, and to exalt Israel to dominion over all nations (see on Luke 4:19). If Jeremiah had been writing a novel, he would have been the hero of his own story. Jeremiah sank into the mud, according to the biblical account. In his early prophecies, he spoke of an unidentified peril which was to come upon Jerusalem and Yet not It is possible that he worked much longer, as part of chapters 9-14 may have been given at a much later time. Desiring the same blessings for themselves, they would make inquiry as to how they too might acquire these obvious material advantages. But because of apostasy it was the predictions of national honor and glory that could not be fulfilled. Their own characters were to be progressively ennobled and elevated, and to reflect more and more perfectly the attributes of the perfect character of God (Deuteronomy 4:9; 28:1, 13, 14; 30:9, 10). Obedience to the law of God would make them marvels of prosperity before the nations of the world, living witnesses to the greatness and majesty of God (Deuteronomy 8:17, 18; 28:11-13). The material advantages that Israel enjoyed were designed to arrest the attention and catch the interest of the heathen, for whom the less obvious spiritual advantages had no natural attraction. He saw the destruction of Jerusalem and of the Beth Hamikdosh, after his warnings and prophecies fell on deaf ears. However, he is again found playing a role on the night of Babylons fall, as interpreter of the mysterious handwriting on the wall (chapter 5). To pray by faith for God to fulfill His promises, we must be obedient to Gods difficult commands. The profound conviction that the messages of the prophets had been fulfilled led many to believe in Christ as the Son of God. It was probably at this time, when Daniel was nearly 90 years of age, that he was commanded to conclude his book and seal it up (chapter 12:4, 13). The book of Haggai contains four addresses, each bearing a precise date giving the day, month, and year of Darius reign. 2. But when the Jews rejected Christ there was no such assurance of reinstatement. Hosea 2:6-13). Jesus own verdict was, The kingdom of God shall be taken from you, and given to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof (Matthew 21:43; cf. Strangely, no evidence suggests that any of these knew in person any of the others. All that had been promised might yet come to pass if they would only love and serve Him (Zechariah 6:15; cf. It is impossible to date the devastating plague of locusts that the prophet so vividly describes and compares with the terrors of the coming day of judgment. When the catastrophe came, he lamented the terrible fate of his people in the Book of Eichah (Lamentations) which we read on Tisha B'Av. Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following: You may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your personal use only. Sinai God entered into covenant relation with Israel as a nation (Exodus 19:1-8; 24:3-8; Deuteronomy 7:6-14) upon the same basic conditions and with the same ultimate objectives as the Abrahamic covenant. Since the hostile acts of the heathen peoples committed against Judah (chapter 3:4 ff.) Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. The life of Christ is a perfect example of the character of God would have His people develop (see on Luke 2:52). They were doing no positive good; therefore they were doing incalculable harm, and their influence became a savor of death. In the inspired utterances of the prophets of old the sincere seeker for truth will thus find messages of inspiration, comfort, and guidance for today.