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276, 123350 (2020). #n$dA"yTtM nTv_J{Bf25X1E[B Y@V(//G0g4_fc_Cv;`& ,. http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). Int. Oncol. The calculation and figure codes required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code. Integrated Projects (all subprogrammes): 19 October 2021 - Concept Note. Fig. Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. P.T.C. Expected Impact . The data required to reproduce the results presented in this paper are available at https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data. We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. T32 AG000037). 58, 13471364 (2020). The SAP SF and Payroll Rollout initiative is a strategic technology that will reinvent the HR function in the implementing markets This initiative will establish an integrated HR platform that. http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/ (2021). To summarize, we developed a facile and potentially scalable method to synthesize commercially relevant PSAs by open-loop recycling poly(acrylic acid) sourced from a leading diaper manufacturer. A much higher loss was estimated for e65: 29% for both sexes in Brazil (Supplementary Table 9). Fourth, the economic crisis that hit Brazil in 2014 has contributed to increases in mortality35, poverty and inequality36. M.C.C. A life cycle assessment was used to compare the routes that involved (i) no sonication, (ii) sonication for 1min (2.5% w/v) and (iii) sonication for 2min (5.0% w/v), including the workup steps, and will be described in more detail below. and JavaScript. Google Scholar. Article "Climate action". State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives. endobj (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim, 2020). Sci. Degrad. Both methods resulted in larger estimates of life expectancy decline compared to the difference between 2019 and 2020 period life tables (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2): for example, for Brazil (both sexes), the decline in e0 was estimated at 1.92 years (DT20) and 1.67 years (DT19) versus 1.31 years (difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables). Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. Teikti paraik ia. 44, 11491154 (1979). To avoid inconsistencies between life tables estimated for 2019 and 2020, we applied the same methodology to 2019. Sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent materials used in disposable diapers and feminine hygiene products have been challenging to recycle through either open- or closed-loop processes. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19, \({\,}_nD_x = ({\,}_nK_x - \,_nD_x^{COV})({\,}_n^ \ast M_x) + \,_nD_x^{COV}\), $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{R}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = \frac{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{D}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{D}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}$$, $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{p}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = {\boldsymbol{e}}^{\left( {\frac{1}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{R}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}\, \ast \,\log \left( {{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{p}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}} \right)} \right)}$$, $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = 1 - {\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{p}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}$$, $${\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{a}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} = {\boldsymbol{n}} + \frac{1}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{R}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}} \ast \frac{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{q}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}}{{{\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}{\boldsymbol{q}}_{\boldsymbol{x}}}} \ast ({\,}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^ \ast {\boldsymbol{a}}_{\boldsymbol{x}} - {\boldsymbol{n}})$$, $${\,}_\infty {\boldsymbol{a}}_{90} = {\,}_\infty ^ \ast {\boldsymbol{a}}_{90}\, \ast _\infty {\boldsymbol{R}}_{90}$$, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. Article sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. Zekry, M., Nassar, I., Salim, H. & Abdallah, A. Codice fiscale e Partita Iva 10125211002 . Projects focussing exclusively on governance are excluded from this Call topic and covered by the related Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV. Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. Barberia, L. G. & Gmez, E. J. Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling. Mechanically-induced chemical changes in polymeric materials. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). & Garenne, M. The 1918 influenza epidemics effects on sex differentials in mortality in the United States. Clean. Smith, D. W. & Bradshaw, B. S. Variation in life expectancy during the twentieth century in the United States. In both cases, the nonamers were solvated in a 3:1 butanol/water mixture to mimic the most challenging esterification conditions. Assists in troubleshooting SAP transactions; provide support to operations and maintenance. ISSN 1546-170X (online) Lancet Glob. ACS Sustain. D.I.C., M.I.J., and E.N.G.M. Huang, C. et al. Revista de Administrao Pblica 54, 678696 (2020). The LIFE programme is structured in two fields - Environment and Climate Action - and it contributes to these priorities through its four sub-programmes: Environment field: 1. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). Diabetes Res. and S.G. conducted the formal analysis. Life cycle assessments (LCA) were performed to assess the cumulative energetic and environmental impacts of producing 1kg of adhesive via our open-loop recycling method. As a consequence, there is an intrinsic, limiting molar mass for each polymer below which further chain scissions are unlikely to occur. stream For example, the 1918 influenza pandemic was estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 712 years7. M.C.C. We calculate three sets of estimates of life expectancy decline but argue that those based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020, which include all reported deaths in those 2 years, are the most defensible because they do not depend on accurate classification of cause of death, determination of whether the death was directly or indirectly due to COVID-19 or assumptions about independence among causes. This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. The estimated setback for e65 was overwhelming, equalling values last observed as far back as the early 2000s in most states in the North region and before 2000 in Amazonas, Par and Gois. a, Change (in years) in the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. We also calculated state inequalities in life expectancy, measured as the difference between the lowest and the highest state life expectancy, to assess changes due to COVID-19 (Methods). 1 0 obj J. Polym. J. Phys. 34, 189200 (1991). Chem. Numbers above. However, for a given year, we can identify states with the largest reductions. Preston, S., Heuveline, P. & Guillot, M. Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000). Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, observed a very high attack rate after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020 (ref. Manag. Cite this article. )x"VzdHd&Ffb7kR KK i$M{;* af082!yvy!U"D)|Nei^*|C$Q,Ss$e*jX^/17E`i{dTS7EphB/jd- . Noronha, K. V. M. S. et al. We quantified the effect of COVID-19 on reversing the progress in mortality reduction since 2000 (Methods). In addition, D.I.C. 1d). Li, Q. et al. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448 (2020). 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). Everyone involved in adoptionbirthparents, adoptive parents, adoptees, adoption professionals, and beyonddeserves support when they need it. 21, 12181230 (2016). All the adhesives synthesized from PAAP&G fall within quadrant 3 and the central region (Fig. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-NATURE Gamta ir biologin vairov (angl. Changes in e0 can reflect differences in expected longevity between two periods, such as before versus during a pandemic. are employees at P&G. Ohara, T. et al. 5, 501516 (2020). 4). Stab. Bystryak, S., Santockyte, R. & Peshkovsky, A. S. Cell disruption of S. cerevisiae by scalable high-intensity ultrasound. However, in the presence of COVID-19, this assumption might not hold because deaths were unevenly distributed over the year. ADS 2a and Supplementary Table 7). We used three approaches to assess changes in life expectancy due to COVID-19. Next, we estimated total 2021 deaths, including COVID-19 confirmed deaths (\({\,}_nD_x^{COV}\)), reported by Brasil.io. This compromised screening for cancer, with a reduction of about 35% in new diagnoses28. Castro, M. C. et al. 3 0 obj Because the 2021 estimates are based on deaths that occurred in only a 4-month period, the magnitudes of declines are not directly comparable with those for 2020 using the DT19 method (Supplementary Tables 5 and 6). Among the states, Amazonas, Rondnia, Roraima and Mato Grosso had the largest declines in e0 in both 2020 and 2021 (Fig. Ching, T. W. et al. https://www.fatersmart.com/ - (Accessed May 1, 2021). Acrylic acid and derivatives. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. Proc. The adhesive properties of the synthesized polyacrylates were evaluated using rheology and analyzed with respect to Changs viscoelastic window (VW), which classifies different adhesive types48. The transformation relies on an (i) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, (ii) optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) a highly efficient esterification driven by hydrophobicity. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Nature Governance ). Rev. Further information on research design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. The South was the last region to be severely hit by COVID-19 in 2020 (ref. 7 April 2022 - Full Proposal. and S.G. conducted data curation. Scope: Over the last decades, the completeness of death registration has improved steadily in Brazil43, and data completeness is likely to be similar for 2019 and 2020. Lancet Glob. The rate of chain scission during sonication is directly proportional to the amount of chain entanglement during sonication35. Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. Assuming that death rates would have been equal to 2019 all-cause rates in the absence of COVID-19, COVID-19 deaths in 2021 have already reduced e0 in 2021 by 1.8 years, which is slightly larger than the reduction estimated for 2020 under similar assumptions. Brasil, Grandes Regies e Unidades da Federao 2010. in Estudos e Pesquisas. M.C.C., N.G., C.M.T. To interrogate this hypothesis, we measured the percent esterification under different conditions. U.S. Patent 8404887B2 (March 26, 2013). axL5Bv\cH L(8@#lP&djen$kqbn7GwU$Kn~` d!B"mheQ%$HL3\0(Jqv\s. Nature Governance ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Types of action LIFE Project Grants Deadline model single-stage Opening date 13 July 2021 Deadline date 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time Projetos SNAP (os chamados projetos integrados no anterior Regulamento, mas agora especficos H2SO4 with heating (Fig. States are colored according to major regions. La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l'ambiente, il clima e l'energia. ADS For example, high degrees of esterification were observed via 1H NMR spectroscopy when using only 5 equiv. Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. The initially heterogeneous reaction mixture becomes a homogeneous solution over time due to the chemical change from a superabsorbent gel-like substance into the soluble, linear polymer products. A large study showed a higher risk of death 6 months after COVID-19 diagnosis, even among those who did not require hospitalization34. We also used these period life tables to calculate the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 (Supplementary Table 7); the difference between the highest and lowest state life expectancies; the loss due to COVID-19 relative to increases in e0 and e65 (by sex and state) over the past two decades (20002020) (Supplementary Tables 8 and 9); and the setback in life expectancy due to COVID-19 identified by the years when the life expectancies estimated for 2020 and 2021 were last observed (Supplementary Table 10). 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. Collias, D. I. et al. Rev. Supports production requirements as needed and performs other related duties consistent with the nature of the job as directed by the Ops Leader/Plant Leader. J. Recycling methods that utilize these waste polymers could attenuate their environmental impact. Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. Closed-loop chemical recycling via depolymerization to monomer is also not currently feasible for these superabsorbent materials because side-chain degradation outcompetes depolymerization. CAS In late April 2021, a parliamentary commission of inquiry was launched to investigate the governments handling of the pandemic response41. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. Lpine, L. & Gilbert, R. Thermal degradation of polyacrylic acid in dilute aqueous solution. 239, 255261 (2019). Briefly, nonamers of polyacrylic acid were used as a model system along withbutanol Comparison of the reaction free energies was made between the first esterification and the final esterification. Chem. May 1998 - Jan 20012 years 9 months. The decline was larger for males, widening by 9.1% the femalemale gap in e0. JAMA 325, 808811 (2021). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE General Information Projects should fall under at least one of the two areas of intervention: Intervention area: "Space for Nature" Any project aimed at improving the condition of species or habitats through areabased conservation or restoration measures falls within the eligible scope of the intervention area . Sci. S1). Green. To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. Fornof, A. R. et al. M.S. <> Chemically recyclable polymers: a circular economy approach to sustainability. 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. Palloni, A., Pinto, G. & Beltrn-Snchez, H. Two centuries of mortality decline in Latin America: from hunger to longevity. 1a, Supplementary Table 1 and Methods), with a larger drop for males (1.57 years) than females (0.95 years). served as a sounding board throughout the project. To probe the role of both solvent and substrate hydrophobicity, we used two different substrates (acetic versus undecanoic acid) and solvents (ethanol versus 2-ethylhexanol). Mortality due to COVID-19 is estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 1.13 years, setting it back to values observed in 2003 (ref. Teikti paraik ia. %PDF-1.7 For many polymers, recycling via mechanical processes is not feasible and these materials are destined for landfills or incineration. The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30. Reaction conditions and yields for acid-catalyzed esterification of poly(acrylic acid), acetic acid, and undecanoic acid. Google Scholar. Marques, N. P. et al. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. Google Scholar. First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineage B.1.617.2 in Brazil: an outbreak in a ship and alert for spread. Andrasfay, T. & Goldman, N. Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations. Therefore, our estimates would not be seriously affected by missing deaths unless a different pattern of errors emerges in 2020. Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. 19, 36923706 (2017). The consequences, sadly and unacceptably, will continue to be measured in human lives lost, and the future demographic consequences might be even worse than those reported here. Jul 13, 2021 Nature Governance ID:LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Type of action: [object Object] Objective: To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversityby: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or Article Noymer, A. Frequently Asked Questions SAP Certified with fifteen years of SAP development experience in UK and New Zealand. Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). )W9N2S33:;Ai / YnM#@w@6~q|,Sq","Kc]FTE^gIK%q4g2J:?1*zK6J./7o#hX&M,5!zbz?-V^mnH)0"2x~&NRO~c_e5j;? Barnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C. & Barlaz, M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. In this approach, the VW for each PSA is constructed from the dynamic storage (G) and loss (G) moduli at representative bonding and debonding frequencies of 0.01 and 100Hz, respectively. Silveira, M. F. et al. Excitingly, a viable central region pressure-sensitive adhesive is accessible without any sonication. We offer five reasons as to why. 29, 233246 (1990). 127, 289301 (2016). First, differences in these period life expectancies capture both direct and indirect mortality effects of COVID-19 in 2020. On average, larger declines in e0 and e65 were estimated in the North regions and smaller in the South regions (Fig. The authors declare no competing financial interests. We show that life expectancy in the presence of COVID-19 is equivalent to levels observed in Brazil as far back as 20 or more years in some states. Excess mortality in Brazil: a detailed description of trends in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Blackwhite risk differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) transmission, mortality and case fatality in the United States: translational epidemiologic perspective and challenges. Moreover, the life cycle assessments, which utilized soiled diapers as the starting point, demonstrated that these open-loop recycling methods outperform the conventional routes from petroleum-derived feedstocks on nearly every metric, including for the key LCA metrics of global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. I tried to learn Python before,. Get the latest from your favourite shows on National Geographic PubMedGoogle Scholar. The reduction in life expectancy at age 65 (e65) in 2020 was 0.9 years, setting Brazil back to 2012 levels. Sci. Polym. Science 360, 2829 (2018). A more limited version of the basic income program was re-established in April 2021. Without a change in coordination of pandemic response, expansion of testing and a rapid increase in vaccination, Brazil will soon become a serious threat to national and global health security42. We estimate a decline in 2020 life expectancy at birth (e0) of 1.3 years, a mortality level not seen since 2014. - Experienced in end-to-end order management process using SAP <br>- More than fourteen (14) years of experience on data analysis, which provides strategic and tactical support to Real Estate documents from various counties in the United States<br>- Self-motivated, results-oriented, and able to work with minimal supervision<br>- Possess proven problem solving abilities and very strong . We created data visualizations in R, ArcMap version 10.8 (ESRI) and Adobe Illustrator CS6. EXPERIENCE 15 years of experience in Shared Services, BPO, Finance, Business and Investment. Brazil does not lack a universal healthcare system, a network of community health agents to target vulnerable communities, sufficient data and a capable cadre of researchers tirelessly advancing knowledge and informing policy. Process for Producing Acrylic Acid. To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. 3, e1700782 (2017). The Guardian. life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 sap env gov #life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 ta pp env sip #Life Call #life programme 2021 #LIFE Program #call for proposals climate change 2021 #life 2021 strat two stage We calculated the probability of surviving from age x to age x + n (npx), the probability of dying between age x and x + n (nqx) and the average person-years lived in the interval by those dying in the interval (nax): where * indicates that the measure is from the life table that does not contain COVID-19 as a cause of death. Tang, H., Luan, Y., Yang, L. & Sun, H. A perspective on reversibility in controlled polymerization systems: recent progress and new opportunities. Chem. Usually, the mid-year population is a good approximation of person-years lived during the year. Eng. Ranzani, O. T. et al. 26, 565581 (2000). 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